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The ''Belmont Report'' is a report created by the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. Its full title is the ''Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research, Report of the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research''. The ''Report'' was issued on 30 September 1978 and published in the Federal Register on 18 April 1979. The ''Report'' took its name from the Belmont Conference Center where the document was drafted in part. The Belmont Conference Center, once a part of the Smithsonian Institution, is in Elkridge, Maryland, 10 miles south of Baltimore, and until the end of 2010 was operated by Howard Community College. The ''Belmont Report''〔 summarizes ethical principles and guidelines for research involving human subjects. Three core principles are identified: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. Three primary areas of application are also stated. They are informed consent, assessment of risks and benefits, and selection of subjects. According to Vollmer and Howard, the ''Belmont Report'' allows for a positive solution, which at times may be difficult to find, to future subjects who are not capable to make independent decisions.〔 ==History== The ''Belmont Report'' was first written by the National Commission for the Protection of Human Services of Biomedical and Behavioral Research.〔 Prompted in part by problems arising from the Tuskegee Syphilis Study (1932–1972) and based on the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research (1974–1978), the Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW)〔HEW was split into the Department of Education and the Department of Health and Human Services in 1980. See http://www.hhs.gov/about/hhshist.html〕 revised and expanded its regulations for the protection of human subjects 45 CFR part 46 in the late 1970s and early 1980s. In 1978, the Commission’s report ''Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research'' was released, and it was published in 1979 in the Federal Register. It was named the ''Belmont Report'', for the Belmont Conference Center, where the National Commission met when first drafting the report. The ''Belmont Report'' is one of the leading works concerning ethics and health care research. It allows for the protection of participants in clinical trials and research studies. The ''Belmont Report'' explains the unifying ethical principles that form the basis for the National Commission’s topic-specific reports and the regulations that incorporate its recommendations. The three fundamental ethical principles for using any human subjects for research are:〔 # Respect for persons: protecting the autonomy of all people and treating them with courtesy and respect and allowing for informed consent. Researchers must be truthful and conduct no deception; # Beneficence: The philosophy of "Do no harm" while maximizing benefits for the research project and minimizing risks to the research subjects; and # Justice: ensuring reasonable, non-exploitative, and well-considered procedures are administered fairly — the fair distribution of costs and benefits to ''potential'' research participants — and equally. These principles remain the basis for the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) human subject protection regulations. Today, the ''Belmont Report'' continues as an essential reference for institutional review boards (IRBs) that review HHS-conducted or -supported human subjects research proposals involving human subjects, in order to ensure that the research meets the ethical foundations of the regulations. Applications of these principles to conduct research requires careful consideration of i) informed consent, ii) risks benefit assessment, and iii)selection of subjects of research. Outlined by Jennifer Sims in her article "A brief review of the ''Belmont Report''", she states 7 things nurses, as primary caregivers for individuals participating in a study, must do to ensure the rights of the participant is met. # Ensure the study is approved by an IRB # Get informed consent from the patient # Ensure that the patient understands the full extent of the experiment, and if not, will contact the study coordinator # Ensure the patient wasn't coerced into doing the experiment by means of threatening or bullying # Be careful of other effects of the clinical trial that was not mentioned, and report it to the proper study coordinator # Support the privacy of the patients identity, their motivation to join or refuse the experiment. # Ensure that all patients at least get the minimal care needed for their condition〔 Researchers must share the findings of their procedures regardless of them being good or bad results. Also in the case someone did not want to participate in research but would like treatment they cannot be turned away and must be treated with the same standard care.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Belmont Report」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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